England
A Thanksgiving Legacy
All people owe gratitude to God. Life is His gift. And every good provision in and for life is from Him, who alone deserves our highest thanksgiving.
Andrew Hewet
A short biography of Andrew Hewet (d. 1533), a young London tailor’s apprentice who confessed that he believed as John Frith did concerning the Lord’s Supper and was burned with him at Smithfield.
Anne of Bohemia
Anne of Bohemia (c. 1366 - 1394), was a queen adorned not only with royal dignity but with the radiance of a soul devoted to God's truth.
Anne of Bohemia
A biography of Anne of Bohemia, queen of Richard II, whose devotion to Scripture encouraged biblical learning and connections between England and Bohemia.
Buried with Him, Raised with Him
A history of the Particular Baptists from their Reformation roots through the recovery of immersion and the Second London Confession of 1689.
Catherine Parr
A biography of Catherine Parr, sixth wife of Henry VIII, evangelical author, student of Scripture, and protector of reform at the English court.
Catholic Opponents of the Reformation
The major Roman Catholic opponents of the Protestant Reformation: popes, princes, bishops, inquisitors, and theologians, with a short biographical sketch of each.
Church and State
A history of church and civil power from the martyrs and Constantine through the Reformation, liberty of conscience, and the First Amendment.
Church Polity
An introduction to biblical church government and the episcopal, presbyterian, and congregational models that developed after the Reformation.
Cuthbert Tunstall
The scholarly Bishop of London who turned Tyndale away, then bought up and burned his New Testaments.
De Haeretico Comburendo
The English statute of 1401, De heretico comburendo, authorizing the burning of heretics.
De Haeretico Comburendo
The English statute of 1401, De heretico comburendo, authorizing the burning of heretics.
Edmund Bonner
Mary’s Bishop of London, who examined, degraded, and condemned more Protestant martyrs than any other English bishop.
Henry Phillips
The young Englishman who befriended William Tyndale in Antwerp and betrayed him to the emperor’s officers in 1535.
History of the Bible
A history of the Bible’s canon, transmission, ancient versions, medieval preservation, printing, Reformation translation, and modern abundance.
History of the English Bible
A concise history of the English Bible from Wycliffe’s handwritten translation through Tyndale, the Geneva Bible, and the King James Version.
Humphrey Monmouth
Humphrey Monmouth, the London merchant who sheltered and supported William Tyndale as he translated the New Testament into English.
Introduction to the 1611 Authorized Version
The original dedication of the 1611 King James Bible, in which the translators present their work to King James.
James Bainham
A short biography of James Bainham (d. 1532), London lawyer of the Middle Temple who recanted under pressure, publicly repented with Tyndale’s New Testament in hand, and was burned at Smithfield.
Jan Łaski (John à Lasco)
A short biography of Jan Łaski, or John à Lasco (1499–1560), Polish nobleman, reformer of East Friesland, superintendent of the Strangers’ Church in London, and reformer of Poland.
John Bradford
A short biography of John Bradford (c. 1520–1555), chaplain to Bishop Ridley, preacher of Lancashire, and martyr at Smithfield.
John Frith
A biographical sketch of John Frith (1503–1533), Tyndale’s friend and fellow laborer, burned at Smithfield.
John Hooper
A brief biographical sketch of John Hooper (c. 1495–1555), Bishop of Gloucester and Worcester, burned at Gloucester under Queen Mary.
John Jewel
A short biography of John Jewel (1522–1571), Bishop of Salisbury, disciple of Peter Martyr Vermigli, and author of the Apology of the Church of England.
John Knox’s Travels
An interactive chronological map of John Knox’s travels through Scotland, the French galleys, England, Frankfurt, and Geneva.
John Longland
The king’s confessor and Bishop of Lincoln who led the great persecution of the Buckinghamshire Lollards in 1521.
John of Gaunt
A son of King Edward III of England, John of Gaunt opposed the political power of the Catholic clergy.
King Edward VI
King Edward VI was only nine years old when he succeeded his father, Henry VIII, to the throne of England.
Lady Jane Grey
A biography of Lady Jane Grey, the nine-day queen of England whose biblical learning and Protestant faith remained steadfast through imprisonment and death.
Martin Bucer
A short biography of Martin Bucer (1491–1551), reformer of Strasbourg, peacemaker among the Protestants, mentor of John Calvin, and Regius Professor of Divinity at Cambridge.
Mary I
The Catholic queen who restored the papacy in England and under whom 288 Protestants were burned.
Matthew’s Bible
The story of Matthew’s Bible of 1537, its hidden debt to William Tyndale, and John Rogers’s work as editor of the first authorized English Bible.
Medieval Theologians
Short sketches of the major medieval theologians from Patrick to William of Ockham, and their contributions to Roman Catholic and Reformation theology.
Myles Coverdale
Miles Coverdale, who gave the English-speaking world its first complete printed Bible.
Nonconformity
The history of Puritan Nonconformity from the vestiarian controversy to Archbishop Laud and the Great Ejection of 1662.
Other Reformers
Many were the hands and hearts that contributed to the Reformation. Here are a few other prominent reformers, arranged by the lands where they chiefly labored.
Oxford Eucharistic Disputation (1549)
Oxford Eucharistic Disputation (1549): The Lord’s Supper in Edwardian England. A concise account of the debate and its place in the Protestant Reformation.
Pope Clement VII
Pope Clement VII, 1523 to 1534: the Medici pope who faced Luther, Charles V, and the sack of Rome, and whose refusal of Henry VIII's annulment opened the English Reformation.
Pope Clement VII
Pope Clement VII, 1523 to 1534: the Medici pope who faced Luther, Charles V, and the sack of Rome, and whose refusal of Henry VIII's annulment opened the English Reformation.
Preface to the 1611 Authorized Version of the Bible
The original Translators to the Reader preface to the 1611 King James Version, explaining the need, purpose, and method of Bible translation.
Radical Reformation History
A concise history of the Radical Reformation from medieval dissent and Wittenberg through Zurich, Münster, persecution, and Anabaptist survival.
Reginald Pole
Henry VIII’s royal cousin turned cardinal, who returned as papal legate to reconcile England to Rome under Mary.
Richard Bayfield
A short biography of Richard Bayfield (d. 1531), Benedictine monk of Bury St. Edmunds who became one of the boldest smugglers of Tyndale’s New Testaments into England and was burned at Smithfield.
Rise of Presbyterianism
The rise of English Presbyterianism through Cartwright, the Admonition, the classical movement, Hampton Court, and the Westminster Assembly.
Rowland Taylor
A short biography of Rowland Taylor (d. 1555), Rector of Hadleigh in Suffolk, friend of Cranmer, and martyr on Aldham Common.
Scripture Unsilenced
Five hundred years after the first printed English New Testament (1526): William Tyndale’s consuming conviction, Bibles in bales, the Word before the congregation, the cost, the prayer answered, and our stewardship today.
Second London Baptist Confession (1677/1689)
An introduction to the Second London Baptist Confession of Faith (1677/1689): its background under the Clarendon Code, its deliberate dependence on the Westminster Confession, the convictions that drove it, and what it cost the Particular Baptists who owned it.
Stephen Gardiner
The able Bishop of Winchester who led the Catholic reaction against Cranmer and, as Mary’s chancellor, revived the burning of heretics.
The Bible
An introduction to the Bible’s history, translation, transmission, and influence, with guides to major English Bibles and the Greek New Testament.
The Bishops’ Bible
The history, translators, text, reception, and limitations of the Bishops’ Bible of 1568, the official Elizabethan answer to the Geneva Bible.
The Bondage of the Will
An introduction to Martin Luther’s Bondage of the Will, his reply to Erasmus on sin, grace, sovereignty, responsibility, and saving faith.
The Catechism of the Church of England
The Catechism of the Church of England, first printed in Cranmer's Book of Common Prayer of 1549: its place within the order of Confirmation, its four parts, the additions of 1552 and 1604, and an honest Reformed assessment.
The Constitutions of Oxford
The Constitutions of Oxford, 1409, which restricted preaching and Bible translation in response to Wycliffe and the Lollards.
The Constitutions of Oxford
The Constitutions of Oxford, 1409, which restricted preaching and Bible translation in response to Wycliffe and the Lollards.
The Coverdale Bible
The story of Miles Coverdale and the first complete printed English Bible, published in 1535 from German and Latin sources.
The English Puritans
An introduction to the English Puritans, their Reformation roots, aims, major branches, struggles, and legacy through the Great Ejection of 1662.
The Geneva Bible
The history, translation, notes, and enduring influence of the Geneva Bible of 1560, the study Bible of English Puritans and Pilgrims.
The Great Bible
How the Great Bible of 1539 brought Tyndale’s work into every English parish church under royal authority.
The Jesuits
The Society of Jesus: Ignatius of Loyola, the Spiritual Exercises, the Jesuits at Trent, their schools and missions, the English mission, and the Reformation response.
The Jesuits
The Society of Jesus: Ignatius of Loyola, the Spiritual Exercises, the Jesuits at Trent, their schools and missions, the English mission, and the Reformation response.
The King James Version
The making, translation method, publication, reception, and literary influence of the King James Version of 1611.
The Lollards
A history of Wycliffe’s Lollards, their preaching and English Scriptures, persecution, leading witnesses, and survival into the English Reformation.
The Reformation in England
A concise history of the English Reformation from Henry VIII’s break with Rome through Edward VI, Mary I, Elizabeth I, and William Tyndale.
The Scots Confession
The Scots Confession of 1560: the six Johns who wrote it in four days, John Knox's part in it, the twenty-five chapters, the marks of the true Kirk, and why this confession founded Scottish Presbyterianism.
The Separatists
The story of the English Separatists from the first gathered churches and early martyrs to Scrooby, Leyden, the Mayflower, and Plymouth.
The Thirty-Nine Articles (1571)
An introduction to the Thirty-Nine Articles of 1571, including Thomas Cranmer, the Forty-Two Articles, the Elizabethan settlement, Reformation influences, and Christ-centered doctrine.
The Venerable Bede
The English monk-scholar whose Ecclesiastical History is our chief source for the early English church.
The Westminster Assembly
The Westminster Assembly, 1643 to 1653: called by the Long Parliament in the middle of a civil war, 1,163 sessions in the Jerusalem Chamber, four contending parties, and the standards that failed in England and governed Presbyterianism everywhere else.
The Westminster Shorter Catechism
The Westminster Shorter Catechism of 1647: the Assembly that produced it, its two halves, and a close reading of the first question — eleven words that have shaped Reformed piety for four centuries.
The Wycliffe Bible
The origins, translation, circulation, revision, and influence of the handwritten Wycliffe Bible, the first complete Bible in English.
Thomas Bilney
A brief biographical sketch of Thomas Bilney (c. 1495–1531), converted through Erasmus’s New Testament, the means of Hugh Latimer’s conversion, burned at Norwich.
Thomas Wolsey
Henry VIII’s all-powerful cardinal, who burned Luther’s books in London and on his deathbed urged the king to destroy “this new pernicious sect.”
Translation of the Bible
Why Scripture must be translated, the choices translators face, major translation philosophies, textual questions, and guidance for choosing a Bible.
Tyndale’s New Testament
The story, Greek sources, theology, language, smuggling, and lasting influence of William Tyndale’s 1526 English New Testament.
Westminster Confession of Faith (1646/1647)
An introduction to the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646/1647): its background in the struggle between King and Parliament, its place in the long English and Scottish Reformation, the convictions that drove it, and what it cost the men who made and kept it.
Where?
Explore 30 major Reformation events in chronological and geographical context, from Erasmus's Greek New Testament to the Second Helvetic Confession.
William Tyndale’s Travels
An interactive chronological map of William Tyndale’s journey from Gloucestershire through exile, Bible translation, and martyrdom at Vilvoorde.
William Warham
The aged Archbishop of Canterbury who sought to destroy Tyndale’s New Testaments, tried Latimer, and yielded the royal supremacy “so far as the law of Christ permits.”
