Charles V
Charles V
The emperor who outlawed Luther at Worms and spent his reign trying to restore one faith to his divided empire.
Councils and Synods
Explore the councils, diets, colloquies, and synods that shaped the Protestant Reformation, arranged in chronological order.
Pope Clement VII
Pope Clement VII, 1523 to 1534: the Medici pope who faced Luther, Charles V, and the sack of Rome, and whose refusal of Henry VIII's annulment opened the English Reformation.
Pope Clement VII
Pope Clement VII, 1523 to 1534: the Medici pope who faced Luther, Charles V, and the sack of Rome, and whose refusal of Henry VIII's annulment opened the English Reformation.
The Diets of Speyer
The Diets of Speyer (1526 and 1529): the Word of the Lord endures forever, the recess that let each state answer to God, the Protestation that named the Protestants, and Calvin’s plea at Speyer in 1544.

