Counter-Reformation
Catholic Opponents of the Reformation
The major Roman Catholic opponents of the Protestant Reformation: popes, princes, bishops, inquisitors, and theologians, with a short biographical sketch of each.
Charles Borromeo
The nephew of Pius IV who drove Trent to its finish and made Milan the model of a Counter-Reformation diocese.
Ignatius of Loyola
The Basque soldier who founded the Jesuits, the most effective instrument of the Counter-Reformation.
Peter Canisius
The Jesuit “second apostle of Germany,” whose catechisms answered Luther’s for two centuries.
Pope Paul III
Pope Paul III, the Renaissance pope who convened the Council of Trent and launched the Roman response to the Reformation.
Pope Paul III
Pope Paul III, the Renaissance pope who convened the Council of Trent and launched the Roman response to the Reformation.
Pope Paul IV
Gian Pietro Carafa, architect of the Roman Inquisition, who as pope issued the first papal Index of Prohibited Books.
Pope Paul IV
Gian Pietro Carafa, architect of the Roman Inquisition, who as pope issued the first papal Index of Prohibited Books.
Pope Pius IV
The pope who brought the Council of Trent to its close, confirmed its decrees, and imposed the Tridentine Profession of Faith.
Pope Pius IV
The pope who brought the Council of Trent to its close, confirmed its decrees, and imposed the Tridentine Profession of Faith.
Pope Pius V
The Dominican inquisitor turned pope who excommunicated Elizabeth I and fixed the Tridentine catechism, breviary, and missal.
Pope Pius V
The Dominican inquisitor turned pope who excommunicated Elizabeth I and fixed the Tridentine catechism, breviary, and missal.
Robert Bellarmine
The Jesuit cardinal whose Disputations became Rome’s standard systematic answer to Protestant theology.
Roman Catholicism
An introduction to Roman Catholic belief, doctrine, and polity, and how the Reformers answered it from Scripture.
Roman Catholicism
An introduction to Roman Catholic belief, doctrine, and polity, and how the Reformers answered it from Scripture.
Stanislaus Hosius
The Polish cardinal who led the Counter-Reformation in Poland, presided at Trent, and worked to bring Sweden back to Rome.
The Counter-Reformation
The Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation: its roots before Luther, the Council of Trent and its anathemas, the Jesuits, the Roman Inquisition and the Index, and what it reformed and what it refused.
The Counter-Reformation
The Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation: its roots before Luther, the Council of Trent and its anathemas, the Jesuits, the Roman Inquisition and the Index, and what it reformed and what it refused.
The Duke of Alba
Philip II’s iron general, whose Council of Troubles brought terror to the Protestant Netherlands.
The Popes During the Reformation
The condition of the papacy through the Reformation and the succession of popes who responded to it.
The Popes During the Reformation
The condition of the papacy through the Reformation and the succession of popes who responded to it.
