Papacy
Bernard of Clairvaux
The Cistercian abbot, preacher, and mystic whom Calvin regarded as the major witness to truth between Gregory the Great and the Reformation.
Catholic Opponents of the Reformation
The major Roman Catholic opponents of the Protestant Reformation: popes, princes, bishops, inquisitors, and theologians, with a short biographical sketch of each.
Girolamo Savonarola
Girolamo Savonarola (1452–1498), the Florentine preacher who called the Renaissance city to repentance.
Gregory the Great
The monk-pope who expanded the power of the papacy and set the course of medieval teaching on grace and merit.
Head of the Church
A side-by-side comparison of Roman Catholic and Reformation teaching on the papacy.
Head of the Church
A side-by-side comparison of Roman Catholic and Reformation teaching on the papacy.
John Wycliffe
John Wycliffe, the Oxford scholar known as the Morning Star of the Reformation, and his translation of the Bible into English.
Leo the Great
The bishop of Rome whose Tome defined the two natures of Christ at Chalcedon and who claimed Peter’s authority for his see.
Papacy
A historical examination of the rise of papal authority, its development in the medieval church, and its departure from the New Testament pattern.
Pope Alexander VI
Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo de Borja), 1492 to 1503: his rise through family influence, the simony and scandals of his pontificate, and his burning of Girolamo Savonarola.
Pope Alexander VI
Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo de Borja), 1492 to 1503: his rise through family influence, the simony and scandals of his pontificate, and his burning of Girolamo Savonarola.
Reginald Pole
Henry VIII’s royal cousin turned cardinal, who returned as papal legate to reconcile England to Rome under Mary.
Robert Bellarmine
The Jesuit cardinal whose Disputations became Rome’s standard systematic answer to Protestant theology.
Roman Catholic Dogmas
A timeline of Roman Catholic dogmas, dated from the point each teaching took hold in Rome's teaching and worship, with notes on when each was formally defined.
Roman Catholic Dogmas
A timeline of Roman Catholic dogmas, dated from the point each teaching took hold in Rome's teaching and worship, with notes on when each was formally defined.
Sylvester Prierias
The papal theologian whose reply to Luther made the pope, not Scripture, the infallible rule of faith.
The Church Comparison
Table RCC16: Roman Catholic teaching on the Church compared with Scripture, on the whole Christ, the one true Church, ecclesial communities, necessity for salvation, mediation, nature and grace, and the marks of the Church.
The Church Comparison
Table RCC16: Roman Catholic teaching on the Church compared with Scripture, on the whole Christ, the one true Church, ecclesial communities, necessity for salvation, mediation, nature and grace, and the marks of the Church.
The Council of Pisa
The Council of Pisa of 1409: cardinals of both obediences depose the rival popes of Rome and Avignon, elect Alexander V, and leave the church with three popes.
The Council of Pisa
The Council of Pisa of 1409: cardinals of both obediences depose the rival popes of Rome and Avignon, elect Alexander V, and leave the church with three popes.
The Council of Vienne
The Council of Vienne, 1311 to 1312, under Clement V: the suppression of the Knights Templar, the condemnation of the Beguines and Beghards, and chairs of Hebrew, Greek, and Arabic in the universities.
The Council of Vienne
The Council of Vienne, 1311 to 1312, under Clement V: the suppression of the Knights Templar, the condemnation of the Beguines and Beghards, and chairs of Hebrew, Greek, and Arabic in the universities.
The First Council of Lyons
The First Council of Lyons of 1245 under Innocent IV: the deposition of the Emperor Frederick II and a new crusade after the loss of Jerusalem.
The First Council of Lyons
The First Council of Lyons of 1245 under Innocent IV: the deposition of the Emperor Frederick II and a new crusade after the loss of Jerusalem.
The Great Schism of the Papacy
The rival Roman, Avignon, and Pisan popes; the councils of Pisa and Constance; and the Great Schism's relation to John Wycliffe and Jan Hus.
The Great Schism of the Papacy
The rival Roman, Avignon, and Pisan popes; the councils of Pisa and Constance; and the Great Schism's relation to John Wycliffe and Jan Hus.
The Papacy
The papacy examined: Rome's claims for Peter and his successors, Matthew 16:18, the rise of the Roman see, papal infallibility, its corruptions, and the answer of Scripture and the Reformers.
The Papacy
The papacy examined: Rome's claims for Peter and his successors, Matthew 16:18, the rise of the Roman see, papal infallibility, its corruptions, and the answer of Scripture and the Reformers.
The Second Council of Lyons
The Second Council of Lyons of 1274 under Gregory X: a short-lived union with the Greek church, the filioque reaffirmed, purgatory and seven sacraments professed, and the papal conclave established.
The Second Council of Lyons
The Second Council of Lyons of 1274 under Gregory X: a short-lived union with the Greek church, the filioque reaffirmed, purgatory and seven sacraments professed, and the papal conclave established.
William of Ockham
The English Franciscan whose nominalism shaped the late medieval schools and who held Scripture to be the only infallible authority.
