Sacraments
Anointing of the Sick
The Anointing of the Sick, or Extreme Unction: James 5, Innocent I, the medieval deathbed rite, Trent and the 1972 reform, Rome’s teaching on its effects, and the answer of Luther, Calvin, and Scripture.
Anointing of the Sick
The Anointing of the Sick, or Extreme Unction: James 5, Innocent I, the medieval deathbed rite, Trent and the 1972 reform, Rome’s teaching on its effects, and the answer of Luther, Calvin, and Scripture.
Baptism in Roman Catholic Teaching
What the Roman Catholic Church teaches about baptism: its necessity, its effects, its indelible mark, and its claim on the baptized; with the origin of infant baptism, the factors that shaped it, its bond with civil allegiance, and a biblical response.
Baptism in Roman Catholic Teaching
What the Roman Catholic Church teaches about baptism: its necessity, its effects, its indelible mark, and its claim on the baptized; with the origin of infant baptism, the factors that shaped it, its bond with civil allegiance, and a biblical response.
Confirmation
Confirmation in Roman Catholic teaching: its origin in the baptismal rite, its separation in the West, the Melchiades text, Trent and the Catechism, the answer of Luther and Calvin, and the witness of Scripture.
Confirmation
Confirmation in Roman Catholic teaching: its origin in the baptismal rite, its separation in the West, the Melchiades text, Trent and the Catechism, the answer of Luther and Calvin, and the witness of Scripture.
Holy Orders
Holy Orders in Roman Catholic teaching: the sacrificing priesthood, the seven orders, the delivery of the instruments, celibacy, Trent and the Catechism, and the answer of Luther, Calvin, and Scripture.
Holy Orders
Holy Orders in Roman Catholic teaching: the sacrificing priesthood, the seven orders, the delivery of the instruments, celibacy, Trent and the Catechism, and the answer of Luther, Calvin, and Scripture.
Holy Orders Comparison
Table RCC15: Roman Catholic teaching on holy orders compared with Scripture, on the two priesthoods, ordination, the powers of the priest, permanence, institution, the word priest in translation, and celibacy.
Holy Orders Comparison
Table RCC15: Roman Catholic teaching on holy orders compared with Scripture, on the two priesthoods, ordination, the powers of the priest, permanence, institution, the word priest in translation, and celibacy.
Matrimony
Matrimony as a Roman Catholic sacrament: Ephesians 5:32 and the Vulgate, its medieval rise, Trent on celibacy and divorce, the Catechism, and the answer of Luther, Calvin, and Scripture.
Matrimony
Matrimony as a Roman Catholic sacrament: Ephesians 5:32 and the Vulgate, its medieval rise, Trent on celibacy and divorce, the Catechism, and the answer of Luther, Calvin, and Scripture.
Peter Lombard
The author of the Sentences, the textbook of medieval theology, who fixed the number of the sacraments at seven.
Preaching
Why the Reformation restored biblical preaching to the center of worship and treated the proclaimed Word as essential to the life of the church.
Rome’s View of the Church’s Role
How Rome's claims for the Church's role in justification, grace, and authority divided Rome from the Reformation churches, set beside what Scripture teaches.
Rome’s View of the Church’s Role
How Rome's claims for the Church's role in justification, grace, and authority divided Rome from the Reformation churches, set beside what Scripture teaches.
Sacraments
The historical development of the medieval sacramental system and the Reformers’ recovery of a biblical understanding of grace, baptism, and the Lord’s Supper.
Sacraments
How the Reformers challenged the medieval sacramental system and recovered baptism and the Lord’s Supper as signs joined to the promise of the gospel.
Sacraments
The seven sacraments of the Roman Catholic Church, how they served as the medieval means of grace and justification, and the Reformers’ answer, with a fuller article on each sacrament.
Sacraments
The seven sacraments of the Roman Catholic Church, how they served as the medieval means of grace and justification, and the Reformers’ answer, with a fuller article on each sacrament.
The Church
An overview of the Reformation’s recovery of the church through the gospel, Scripture, sacraments, discipline, worship, polity, and mission.
The Church Comparison
Table RCC16: Roman Catholic teaching on the Church compared with Scripture, on the whole Christ, the one true Church, ecclesial communities, necessity for salvation, mediation, nature and grace, and the marks of the Church.
The Church Comparison
Table RCC16: Roman Catholic teaching on the Church compared with Scripture, on the whole Christ, the one true Church, ecclesial communities, necessity for salvation, mediation, nature and grace, and the marks of the Church.
The Eucharist
The Eucharist as Rome administers it: its place among the sacraments, the Easter duty, confession before communion, the withheld cup, its effects on venial sin, adoration, and viaticum, weighed by the Reformers and Scripture.
The Eucharist
The Eucharist as Rome administers it: its place among the sacraments, the Easter duty, confession before communion, the withheld cup, its effects on venial sin, adoration, and viaticum, weighed by the Reformers and Scripture.
The Sacrament of Penance
The sacrament of penance: the second plank after shipwreck, its rise from public discipline to private confession, contrition and attrition, confession and absolution, satisfaction and indulgences, and the answer of the Reformers and Scripture.
The Sacrament of Penance
The sacrament of penance: the second plank after shipwreck, its rise from public discipline to private confession, contrition and attrition, confession and absolution, satisfaction and indulgences, and the answer of the Reformers and Scripture.
Where Christ Is Found
How Luther, Calvin, Tyndale, and the Reformation confessions identified the true church by Word, sacrament, and discipline.
