Baptismal Regeneration: An infant's soul is regenerated by water baptism

Mary's Perpetual Virginity: The church teaches that Mary perpetually remained a virgin as a sign of her total consecration to God

The Mass is instituted as a reenactment of Christ’s sacrifice

Mass Attendance made mandatory under the penalty of mortal sin

Celibacy of the priesthood decreed by Pope Gregory VII

Indulgences sanctioned to reduce time in Purgatory

Transubstantiation and confession of sins to priest decreed by Pope Innocent III

Purgatory elevated from doctrine to dogma (unchanging divine revelation) by the Council of Florence

Sacred Tradition proclaimed equal in authority with sacred Scripture by the Council of Trent in an attempt to counter the Reformation principle of sola scriptura

Immaculate Conception of Mary proclaimed by Pope Pius IX

Papal Infallibility (the pope cannot err when speaking officially for the church) proclaimed by Vatican Council

Co-Redemptrix of Mary (Mary is proclaimed co-redeemer with Christ) by Pope Benedict XV

Mary’s Assumption into heaven proclaimed by Pope Pius XII